This article examines the technological opportunities and challenges to decarbonizing global energy systems. The social-technical energy system resembles a spider’s web, where all energy-related matters are complex and interconnected. The modern energy systems are in the midst of decarbonization transition due to technical innovation, the accessibility to specific energy resources, changing costs, public concerns about greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and the growing population from the developing nations, which is being lifted out of energy poverty (Saundry, 2021).

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